Signals get lost or jammed
- GNSS signals are susceptible to malicious interference from geopolitical factors and electronic warfare, as well as shielding in urban environments such as high-rise buildings, leading to signal loss or instability.
- In urban canyons or mountainous areas, GNSS signals reflect off buildings or terrain, causing multipath effects and significant positioning errors.
- Changes in the ionosphere and troposphere, especially under solar activity and adverse weather, delay GNSS signal propagation and reduce positioning accuracy.
- Failures, maintenance, or orbital drift of GNSS satellites affect signal stability and reliability, leaving receivers without enough satellite signals for accurate positioning.





